{"id":11008,"date":"2024-06-20T10:05:09","date_gmt":"2024-06-20T08:05:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/el-obelisco-de-salmanassar-iii\/"},"modified":"2025-08-01T14:47:33","modified_gmt":"2025-08-01T12:47:33","slug":"el-obelisco-de-salmanassar-iii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/es\/el-obelisco-de-salmanassar-iii\/","title":{"rendered":"El obelisco de Salmanassar III"},"content":{"rendered":"

Menci\u00f3n de Jeh\u00fa, rey de Israel<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

El Obelisco Negro de Salmanassar III es un notable monumento que atestigua el poder del Imperio Asirio en el siglo IX a.C. Este monolito de piedra caliza negra, descubierto en 1846 en Kalhu (la antigua capital asiria), mide unos 2 metros de alto y 45 cm de ancho13. <\/b>Este monumento, ahora expuesto en el Museo Brit\u00e1nico, celebra el \u00e9xito del rey Salmanassar III, que recibi\u00f3 tributos de sus vasallos tras dirigir varias campa\u00f1as militares en Oriente Pr\u00f3ximo. <\/span><\/span><\/b> <\/span>Jeh\u00fa es el primer rey de Israel mencionado en esta estela. Se le muestra postrado ante el soberano asirio, se\u00f1al de un probable acto de sumisi\u00f3n diplom\u00e1tica. <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

En el obelisco, los portadores marchan en procesi\u00f3n a lo largo de los cuatro lados del obelisco para llevar al conquistador su tributo: cosechas, armas, vajilla, animales dom\u00e9sticos o animales ex\u00f3ticos como monos o elefantes. Cada fila corresponde a un territorio identificado por una leyenda. <\/span><\/span><\/span>
\n<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

El monumento est\u00e1 dividido en cinco registros, cada uno de los cuales representa el tributo de un pa\u00eds sometido a Asiria. Estas escenas se desarrollan en las cuatro caras del obelisco, acompa\u00f1adas de inscripciones cuneiformes explicativas. <\/span><\/p>\n

El segundo registro desde arriba es especialmente interesante, pues representa la sumisi\u00f3n de Jeh\u00fa, rey de Israel (llamado Ya’ou’a en la inscripci\u00f3n). Muestra a Jeh\u00fa postrado ante el rey asirio, con el rostro hacia el suelo. Sobre la escena, un disco solar alado simboliza la presencia del dios nacional Ashur.<\/p>\n

La inscripci\u00f3n que acompa\u00f1a a esta escena detalla el tributo ofrecido por Jeh\u00fa:<\/p>\n

\n

Tributo de Ya’ou’a hijo de Humre (Omri): Recib\u00ed de \u00e9l plata, oro, un cuenco de oro, una vasija zuqutu de oro, copas de oro, vasos de dibujo de oro, esta\u00f1o, un bast\u00f3n para la mano del rey (y) espadas (?).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

La naturaleza exacta de algunos de los objetos mencionados sigue siendo incierta, pero se cree que el zuqutu puede ser un jarr\u00f3n estrecho con base puntiaguda, mientras que el cuenco puede ser similar a una vasija de bronce utilizada en Ugarit en los siglos XIV y XIII a.C., que pesaba entre 1.600 y 1.800 gramos.<\/p>\n

Las partes superior e inferior del obelisco contienen un texto que detalla los acontecimientos de treinta y una campa\u00f1as militares dirigidas por Salmanazar III. Estas campa\u00f1as se extend\u00edan desde el Mediterr\u00e1neo hasta Cilicia, Media, Babilonia y el Golfo P\u00e9rsico.<\/p>\n

Este obelisco, datado hacia el a\u00f1o 825 a.C., es una valiosa prueba hist\u00f3rica, entre otras cosas porque probablemente contiene la referencia m\u00e1s antigua conocida a Jeh\u00fa, rey de Israel.<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, queda un misterio… ell relato b\u00edblico del reinado de Jeh\u00fa (2 Reyes 9-10) no dice nada sobre su sumisi\u00f3n al poder asirio. Jeh\u00fa rein\u00f3 desde el 841 al 814, aproximadamente. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

<\/a><\/span>
IMG_9901<\/div>

British Museum Photo: E. Pastore<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Entra en el Museo Brit\u00e1nico<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/a><\/span>
Obelisco de Salmanassar III, detalle<\/div>

Museo Brit\u00e1nico Foto: E. Pastore<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Jeh\u00fa fue una figura clave en el reino de Israel, m\u00e1s conocido por la violencia de su ascenso al poder y su celo contra el culto id\u00f3latra de Baal.<\/p>\n

Su historia comienza cuando es ungido rey por un enviado del profeta Eliseo, que le conf\u00eda una misi\u00f3n divina: acabar con la corrupta dinast\u00eda Omri-Ashab. Decidido a aceptar su mandato, Jeh\u00fa inici\u00f3 una verdadera purga. Asesin\u00f3 a Joram, hijo de Ajab, as\u00ed como a Ocoz\u00edas, rey de Jud\u00e1 y aliado de Joram. Luego hizo ejecutar a Jezabel, esposa de Ajab, arroj\u00e1ndola desde una ventana; su cuerpo fue devorado por los perros, cumpli\u00e9ndose as\u00ed una antigua profec\u00eda. Para establecer su poder de una vez por todas y eliminar cualquier amenaza, Jeh\u00fa hizo masacrar a todos los descendientes de Ajab.<\/p>\n

Pero Jeh\u00fa tambi\u00e9n era conocido por su lealtad a YHWH, el Dios de Israel: redujo a la nada el culto a Baal. Utilizando una astuta treta, reuni\u00f3 a todos los adoradores de Baal en su templo con el pretexto de organizar una gran fiesta religiosa, y luego orden\u00f3 su muerte colectiva y la destrucci\u00f3n total del santuario.<\/p>\n

A pesar de esta campa\u00f1a contra la idolatr\u00eda baalita, Jeh\u00fa no lleg\u00f3 a una reforma religiosa completa: conserv\u00f3 los santuarios del becerro de oro de Betel y Dan, heredados de Jeroboam, lo que demuestra que su compromiso con el Dios de Israel segu\u00eda siendo incompleto a los ojos de los autores b\u00edblicos.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4608,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arqueologia"],"yoast_head":"\nEl obelisco de Salmanassar III - Via Egeria<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/es\/el-obelisco-de-salmanassar-iii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El obelisco de Salmanassar III - 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