{"id":11925,"date":"2024-04-17T16:14:17","date_gmt":"2024-04-17T14:14:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/epoca-romana\/"},"modified":"2025-08-01T12:50:07","modified_gmt":"2025-08-01T10:50:07","slug":"epoca-romana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/es\/epoca-romana\/","title":{"rendered":"Judea bajo el dominio romano"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\"><strong>La entrada en Jerusal\u00e9n del general romano Pompeyo y sus legiones en el a\u00f1o 63 a.C. marc\u00f3 la integraci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica del pa\u00eds de Israel en el Imperio Romano. A partir de entonces, la historia de la regi\u00f3n estuvo totalmente dominada por la autoridad romana, ya fuera directa o indirectamente. La tierra de Jes\u00fas vivi\u00f3, por tanto, bajo ocupaci\u00f3n. No hay que subestimar la presi\u00f3n que esta situaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica ejerci\u00f3 sobre la religi\u00f3n popular: la exacerbaci\u00f3n de las esperanzas mesi\u00e1nicas, la efervescencia apocal\u00edptica y el auge del nacionalismo jud\u00edo en el siglo I fueron la consecuencia inmediata. Ello condujo al incendio del pa\u00eds en la Guerra Jud\u00eda de 66-70, que termin\u00f3 catastr\u00f3ficamente con el aplastamiento de los nacionalistas y la destrucci\u00f3n del Templo de Jerusal\u00e9n. <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><p id=\"toc_Le_contexte_politique_au_temps_de_Jesus\" data-fontsize=\"20\" data-lineheight=\"24px\">Tres formas de dependencia<\/p><\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><section id=\"comp-lorpdxb8\" class=\"Oqnisf comp-lorpdxb8 wixui-section\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-block-level-container=\"ClassicSection\">\n<div class=\"\" data-mesh-id=\"comp-lorpdxb8inlineContent\" data-testid=\"inline-content\">\n<div data-mesh-id=\"comp-lorpdxb8inlineContent-gridContainer\" data-testid=\"mesh-container-content\">\n<div id=\"comp-ker3t4nc\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 comp-ker3t4nc wixui-rich-text\" data-testid=\"richTextElement\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">La intervenci\u00f3n de Pompeyo puso fin al poder de la dinast\u00eda jud\u00eda asmonea. Esto se hab\u00eda producido al derrocar al rey sel\u00e9ucida Ant\u00edoco IV Ep\u00edfanes (167 a.C.), cuya pol\u00edtica de helenizaci\u00f3n forzosa del pa\u00eds hab\u00eda despertado el odio del pueblo. Los asmoneos siguieron una pol\u00edtica de expansi\u00f3n y reconquista; los \u00e9xitos m\u00e1s notables fueron la conquista de Samaria e Idumea por Juan Hircano (134-104 a.C.) y la de Galilea por Arist\u00f3bulo I (105-104). Los disturbios subsiguientes llevaron a los romanos a tomar el control de la regi\u00f3n con la expedici\u00f3n militar de Pompeyo. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"comp-lorpdxb9\" class=\"Oqnisf comp-lorpdxb9 wixui-section\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-block-level-container=\"ClassicSection\">\n<div id=\"bgLayers_comp-lorpdxb9\" class=\"MW5IWV\" data-hook=\"bgLayers\" data-motion-part=\"BG_LAYER\"><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-1\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-text-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--body_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--body_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--body_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--body_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--body_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"652\" title=\"1024px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1024px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD-9245425.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-14793\" srcset=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1024px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD-9245425-200x127.png 200w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1024px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD-9245425-400x255.png 400w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1024px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD-9245425-600x382.png 600w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1024px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD-9245425-800x509.png 800w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1024px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD-9245425.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">El Imperio Romano en el a\u00f1o 117<\/div><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Tataryn, CC BY-SA 3.0 &lt;https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0&gt;, v\u00eda Wikimedia Commons<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:7.68%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:7.68%;--awb-width-medium:25%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:7.68%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:7.68%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:center;--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color5);\"><p><strong>Contenido<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"awb-toc-el awb-toc-el--1 acck-links\" data-awb-toc-id=\"1\" data-awb-toc-options=\"{&quot;allowed_heading_tags&quot;:{&quot;h2&quot;:0,&quot;h3&quot;:1},&quot;ignore_headings&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;ignore_headings_words&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;enable_cache&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;highlight_current_heading&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;hide_hidden_titles&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;limit_container&quot;:&quot;page_content&quot;,&quot;select_custom_headings&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:&quot;fa-angle-double-right fas&quot;,&quot;counter_type&quot;:&quot;custom_icon&quot;}\" style=\"--awb-counter-color:var(--awb-color5);\"><div class=\"awb-toc-el__content\"><ul class=\"awb-toc-el__list awb-toc-el__list--0\"><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_Tres_formas_de_dependencia\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span><span>Tres formas de dependencia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_Tras_la_muerte_de_Herodes\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span>Tras la muerte de Herodes<\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_Nota_historiografica_sobre_el_evangelista_Lucas\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span>Nota historiogr\u00e1fica sobre el evangelista Lucas<\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_Tensa_situacion_en_Galilea\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span>Tensa situaci\u00f3n en Galilea<\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_Efervescencia_apocaliptica\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span>Efervescencia apocal\u00edptica<\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_Una_reputacion_sulfurosa_para_Galileo\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span>Una reputaci\u00f3n sulfurosa para Galileo<\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_El_cisma_samaritano\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span>El cisma samaritano<\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_Resistencia_a_la_ocupacion_romana\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span>Resistencia a la ocupaci\u00f3n romana<\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_La_primera_revuelta_judia\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span>La primera revuelta jud\u00eda<\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_La_segunda_revuelta_judia\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span>La segunda revuelta jud\u00eda<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 awb-sticky awb-sticky-small awb-sticky-medium awb-sticky-large fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:7.68%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:7.68%;--awb-width-medium:25%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:7.68%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:7.68%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;--awb-sticky-offset:50px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:center;--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color5);\"><p><strong>Contenido<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"awb-toc-el awb-toc-el--2 acck-links\" data-awb-toc-id=\"2\" data-awb-toc-options=\"{&quot;allowed_heading_tags&quot;:{&quot;h2&quot;:0,&quot;h3&quot;:1},&quot;ignore_headings&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;ignore_headings_words&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;enable_cache&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;highlight_current_heading&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;hide_hidden_titles&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;limit_container&quot;:&quot;page_content&quot;,&quot;select_custom_headings&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:&quot;fa-angle-double-right fas&quot;,&quot;counter_type&quot;:&quot;custom_icon&quot;}\" style=\"--awb-counter-color:var(--awb-color5);\"><div class=\"awb-toc-el__content\"><ul class=\"awb-toc-el__list awb-toc-el__list--0\"><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_Tres_formas_de_dependencia\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span><span>Tres formas de dependencia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_Tras_la_muerte_de_Herodes\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span>Tras la muerte de Herodes<\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_Nota_historiografica_sobre_el_evangelista_Lucas\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span>Nota historiogr\u00e1fica sobre el evangelista Lucas<\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_Tensa_situacion_en_Galilea\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span>Tensa situaci\u00f3n en Galilea<\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_Efervescencia_apocaliptica\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span>Efervescencia apocal\u00edptica<\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_Una_reputacion_sulfurosa_para_Galileo\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span>Una reputaci\u00f3n sulfurosa para Galileo<\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_El_cisma_samaritano\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span>El cisma samaritano<\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_Resistencia_a_la_ocupacion_romana\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span>Resistencia a la ocupaci\u00f3n romana<\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_La_primera_revuelta_judia\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span>La primera revuelta jud\u00eda<\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_La_segunda_revuelta_judia\"><span class=\"awb-toc-el__item-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\"><\/span>La segunda revuelta jud\u00eda<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Los romanos dispon\u00edan de tres opciones institucionales para establecer el control sobre un territorio. La m\u00e1s directa era la creaci\u00f3n de una provincia imperial, gobernada por un legado del emperador, rodeado de jefes militares y procuradores. Tambi\u00e9n hab\u00eda provincias senatoriales, administradas por un proc\u00f3nsul. Cuando Judea se convirti\u00f3 en provincia, su procurador recibi\u00f3 el t\u00edtulo de prefecto, como demuestra una inscripci\u00f3n descubierta en Cesarea Mar\u00edtima, en la que se menciona a Poncio Pilato. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Una tercera opci\u00f3n era confiar la gesti\u00f3n del territorio a una realeza tutelada. Estos soberanos clientes eran vasallos de Roma y recaudaban impuestos para el Imperio. Sus hijos, criados en la corte del emperador, serv\u00edan como muestra de su lealtad. Por tanto, su autonom\u00eda se limitaba estrictamente a lo que les permit\u00eda su lealtad incondicional a Roma. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-0 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.76%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-color:#ffffff;--awb-caption-text-color:#ffffff;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--body_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--body_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--body_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:20px;--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--body_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--body_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-dario\" style=\"border:3px solid var(--awb-color3);border-radius:20px;\"><a class=\"fusion-no-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/es\/poncio-pilato\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"16f9a8_e04dea2ead4e4ccaa5b2780c32b8b041~mv2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"207\" height=\"207\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/16f9a8_e04dea2ead4e4ccaa5b2780c32b8b041mv2-2172202.webp\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-6726\" srcset=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/16f9a8_e04dea2ead4e4ccaa5b2780c32b8b041mv2-2172202-200x200.webp 200w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/16f9a8_e04dea2ead4e4ccaa5b2780c32b8b041mv2-2172202.webp 207w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 207px\" \/><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">Inscripci\u00f3n sobre Poncio Pilato<\/div><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Siglo I<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-1 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.76%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-color:#ffffff;--awb-caption-text-color:#ffffff;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--body_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--body_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--body_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:20px;--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--body_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--body_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-dario\" style=\"border:3px solid var(--awb-color3);border-radius:20px;\"><a class=\"fusion-no-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/es\/poncio-pilato\/#anneau\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"16f9a8_36775a66b5934598973b1705c8e9570b~mv2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"207\" height=\"207\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/16f9a8_36775a66b5934598973b1705c8e9570bmv2-1784112.webp\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-6724\" srcset=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/16f9a8_36775a66b5934598973b1705c8e9570bmv2-1784112-200x200.webp 200w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/16f9a8_36775a66b5934598973b1705c8e9570bmv2-1784112.webp 207w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 207px\" \/><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">Sello de Poncio Pilato<\/div><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Siglo I<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-2 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.76%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-aspect-ratio: 100 \/ 93;--awb-caption-title-color:#ffffff;--awb-caption-text-color:#ffffff;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--body_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--body_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--body_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:20px;--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--body_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--body_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-4 awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-dario has-aspect-ratio\" style=\"border:3px solid var(--awb-color3);border-radius:20px;\"><a class=\"fusion-no-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/es\/donde-y-cuando-nacio-jesus\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"5892f3_c7cafed1d06e499e88a62a876e8ae975\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"598\" height=\"397\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/5892f3_c7cafed1d06e499e88a62a876e8ae975-1994339.webp\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-9171 img-with-aspect-ratio\" data-parent-fit=\"cover\" data-parent-container=\".fusion-image-element\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/5892f3_c7cafed1d06e499e88a62a876e8ae975-1994339-200x133.webp 200w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/5892f3_c7cafed1d06e499e88a62a876e8ae975-1994339-400x266.webp 400w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/5892f3_c7cafed1d06e499e88a62a876e8ae975-1994339.webp 598w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">Nacimiento de Jes\u00fas<\/div><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">El debate<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Tras la muerte de Herodes<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><div id=\"comp-ker4p45z\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 comp-ker4p45z wixui-rich-text\" data-testid=\"richTextElement\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Roma empez\u00f3 por confiar toda Judea a Herodes el Grande, que hab\u00eda hecho las alianzas adecuadas en la corte romana. En el a\u00f1o 40 a.C. recibi\u00f3 el t\u00edtulo de \u00abrey de Judea\u00bb y su reinado dur\u00f3 hasta el a\u00f1o 4 a.C.; fue largo, culto y rico en suntuosas construcciones (el puerto de Cesarea, el Templo de Jerusal\u00e9n, las fortalezas de Macheronte y Masada). Pero su reinado tambi\u00e9n estuvo salpicado por los caprichos pol\u00edticos de un rey muy preocupado por posibles rivalidades a su poder, lo que explica la huella negativa que dej\u00f3 en la memoria jud\u00eda. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Su testamento dividi\u00f3 su reino entre tres de sus hijos. Arquelao recibi\u00f3 el t\u00edtulo de etnarca de Judea, Samaria e Idumea. Antipas hered\u00f3 el t\u00edtulo de tetrarca de Galilea y Perea. Filipo administr\u00f3 como tetrarca los territorios mayoritariamente no jud\u00edos del noreste (Gaulanitides, Trachonitides). <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixGuard wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixGuard wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">\u200b<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">En el a\u00f1o 6 d.C., el emperador Augusto depuso a Arquelao por incompetente y lo exili\u00f3 a la Galia (Vienne). Judea y Samaria se convirtieron entonces en una provincia procuratorial, cuyo prefecto ten\u00eda su sede en Cesarea Mar\u00edtima y pod\u00eda recibir asistencia del legado de la provincia imperial de Siria. Con ocasi\u00f3n de este cambio de estatuto, Quirino vino de Siria, con la ayuda del procurador de Judea, Coponio, para censar a los habitantes de la nueva provincia (Flavio Josefo, Antig\u00fcedades jud\u00edas XVIII,1; cf. Lc 2,1-2). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"comp-kzixp7yt\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 comp-kzixp7yt wixui-rich-text\" data-testid=\"richTextElement\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Herodes Antipas gobern\u00f3 hasta el 39, antes de ser desterrado por el emperador Cal\u00edgula a Lyon ese mismo a\u00f1o. Su territorio fue entregado al rey Agripa I, nieto de Herodes el Grande, que reconstituy\u00f3 el reino de su abuelo bajo control romano y lo administr\u00f3 del 41 al 44. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"comp-ker57vpp\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 comp-ker57vpp wixui-rich-text\" data-testid=\"richTextElement\">\n<h4 id=\"toc\" class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--fontsize: 24; line-height: var(--awb-typography1-line-height); font-size: 24px;\" data-fontsize=\"24\" data-lineheight=\"28.8px\"><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-content-layout-row\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-5\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-aspect-ratio: 100 \/ 127;--awb-caption-text-size:12px;--awb-max-width:400px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--body_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--body_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--body_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--body_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--body_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><div style=\"display:inline-block;width:400px;\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-5 hover-type-none has-aspect-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"divion-royaume-herode\" title=\"divion royaume H\u00e9rode\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/divion-royaume-Herode-2845348.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-14872 img-with-aspect-ratio\" data-parent-fit=\"cover\" data-parent-container=\".fusion-image-element\" srcset=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/divion-royaume-Herode-2845348-200x263.jpg 200w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/divion-royaume-Herode-2845348-400x525.jpg 400w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/divion-royaume-Herode-2845348-600x788.jpg 600w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/divion-royaume-Herode-2845348.jpg 780w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">Divisi\u00f3n del reino a la muerte de Herodes el Grande<\/div><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Mapa: Fundaci\u00f3n Access (libre de derechos)<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Nota historiogr\u00e1fica sobre el evangelista Lucas<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">El evangelista Lucas, deseoso de situar los acontecimientos fundadores del cristianismo en el contexto de la historia universal, proporciona una fecha extremadamente precisa para el comienzo de la vocaci\u00f3n prof\u00e9tica de Juan el Bautista. Ya se hab\u00eda producido la deposici\u00f3n de Arquelao, y se mencionan los nombres de los dos hijos de Herodes el Grande: Herodes (Antipas) y Filipo. Debe tratarse del a\u00f1o 27:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">\u00abEn el a\u00f1o decimoquinto del principado de Tiberio C\u00e9sar, siendo Poncio Pilato gobernador de Judea, Herodes tetrarca de Galilea, Filipo su hermano tetrarca de la tierra de Iturea y Tracon\u00edtides, Lisanias tetrarca de Abilene, bajo el pontificado de An\u00e1s y Caif\u00e1s, vino la palabra de Dios a Juan, hijo de Zacar\u00edas, en el desierto.\u00bb (Lc 3,1-2)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">As\u00ed pues, durante la juventud y la actividad p\u00fablica de Jes\u00fas, Galilea y Judea ten\u00edan dos reg\u00edmenes diferentes: la primera formaba parte de un reino bajo tutela, mientras que la segunda estaba dirigida por un prefecto a las \u00f3rdenes del Senado romano.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Tensa situaci\u00f3n en Galilea<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">T\u00e1cito, el historiador romano, describi\u00f3 el estado pol\u00edtico de Judea durante el reinado de Tiberio como sub Tiberio quies, \u00abcalma bajo Tiberio\u00bb (Historias V,9,2). Es cierto que entre los problemas que marcaron la muerte de Herodes el Grande y la guerra jud\u00eda del 66-70, la regi\u00f3n experiment\u00f3 un cierto grado de calma. Pero el historiador romano no fue muy sensible a otras tensiones, de car\u00e1cter socioecon\u00f3mico y religioso, que se reflejan tanto en el historiador jud\u00edo Flavio Josefo como en los Evangelios.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-content-layout-row\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-6\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-aspect-ratio: 100 \/ 102;--awb-caption-text-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--body_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--body_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--body_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--body_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--body_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-6 hover-type-none has-aspect-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" title=\"IMG_2503\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2503-4271291-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-14635 img-with-aspect-ratio\" data-parent-fit=\"cover\" data-parent-container=\".fusion-image-element\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2503-4271291-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2503-4271291-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2503-4271291-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2503-4271291-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2503-4271291-1200x900.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">Lago de Galilea<\/div><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Foto: E. Pastore<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-10 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-10\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">La econom\u00eda de Galilea se basa en la agricultura y la pesca. La tierra era f\u00e9rtil y la regi\u00f3n exportaba. La propiedad de la tierra estaba dividida entre los grandes terratenientes, que confiaban la gesti\u00f3n de sus fincas a los agricultores, y los peque\u00f1os campesinos. En la par\u00e1bola de los aparceros revoltosos, aprendemos que las tensiones pueden ser muy fuertes entre los propietarios y los agricultores, obligados a pagar una gran parte de la cosecha (Mc 12,1-7). Los jornaleros trabajan por encargo y dependen totalmente de sus empleadores, como atestigua la par\u00e1bola de los obreros de la hora und\u00e9cima (Mt 20,1-15). En cuanto a los peque\u00f1os campesinos, su destino es fr\u00e1gil: basta una mala cosecha para que se arruinen y sean despose\u00eddos de sus bienes; para cubrir la deuda, el campesino y su familia podr\u00edan ser vendidos como esclavos. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-11 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-11\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">En Galilea tambi\u00e9n hab\u00eda tensi\u00f3n entre la ciudad y el campo. El campo era esencialmente rural, y en el siglo I habr\u00eda tenido menos de 150.000 habitantes. La riqueza se concentraba en las ciudades, lo que suscitaba celos. La cultura urbana, deseosa de abrazar la modernidad, ofend\u00eda a la mentalidad m\u00e1s tradicional de la aldea. Es cierto que este tipo de tensi\u00f3n puede encontrarse en todos los pa\u00edses mediterr\u00e1neos de la antig\u00fcedad. No es menos sintom\u00e1tico que, a excepci\u00f3n de Cafarna\u00fan, centro de la actividad de Jes\u00fas, los Evangelios no mencionen ninguna de las ciudades de los alrededores: S\u00e9foris (a 6 km de Nazaret) o Tiber\u00edades (a 16 km de Cafarna\u00fan). Este silencio indica que Jes\u00fas era m\u00e1s bien un hombre del campo, y que compart\u00eda la cultura y las preocupaciones de los campesinos y peque\u00f1os artesanos; es este mundo de campesinos, pescadores y agricultores el que encontramos en sus par\u00e1bolas. Jes\u00fas no hablaba principalmente a las clases acomodadas, sino m\u00e1s bien a aquellos para quienes la p\u00e9rdida de un c\u00e9ntimo es una tragedia (Lc 15,8-10). <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-12 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-7\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-aspect-ratio: 100 \/ 73;--awb-caption-text-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--body_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--body_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--body_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--body_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--body_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-7 hover-type-none has-aspect-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" alt=\"Saint Pierre Capharna\u00fcm\" title=\"29 galil\u00e9e (13)\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/29-galilee-13-2886359-1024x680.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-14795 img-with-aspect-ratio\" data-parent-fit=\"cover\" data-parent-container=\".fusion-image-element\" srcset=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/29-galilee-13-2886359-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/29-galilee-13-2886359-400x266.jpg 400w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/29-galilee-13-2886359-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/29-galilee-13-2886359-800x531.jpg 800w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/29-galilee-13-2886359-1200x797.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">San Pedro, Cafarna\u00fam<\/div><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Foto: E. Pastore<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-13 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Efervescencia apocal\u00edptica<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-12\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><div id=\"comp-ker5f2vj\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 comp-ker5f2vj wixui-rich-text\" data-testid=\"richTextElement\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Entre la muerte de Herodes el Grande (4 a.C.) y el estallido de la guerra jud\u00eda en el 66, la regi\u00f3n se vio envuelta en una oleada de movimientos de protesta. En oleadas sucesivas, estallaron revueltas contra el poder romano y sus aliados; este estallido de violencia, bajo la bandera del Rey-Dios, fue especialmente marcado en Galilea. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Inmediatamente despu\u00e9s de la muerte de Herodes, una \u00abguerra de ladrones\u00bb dio lugar a numerosos pretendientes al trono. Varios jefes populares pretend\u00edan llevar la corona real en nombre de Dios. Un hombre llamado Judas, hijo de Ezequ\u00edas, procedente de Gamala, dirigi\u00f3 una turba tras \u00e9l y se apoder\u00f3 del arsenal de S\u00e9foris. El legado sirio Quintilio Varo dirigi\u00f3 una implacable represi\u00f3n, y los habitantes de la ciudad fueron condenados a la esclavitud. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Cuando Arquelao fue depuesto en el a\u00f1o 6 d.C., Judas el Galileo encabez\u00f3 una campa\u00f1a para negarse a pagar impuestos, en nombre de una teolog\u00eda seg\u00fan la cual la tierra pertenec\u00eda al Dios de Israel: nadie deb\u00eda cobrar impuestos so pena de socavar la soberan\u00eda divina. Este ideal teocr\u00e1tico enardeci\u00f3 a sus partidarios, que a su vez fueron aplastados por las legiones romanas (Hch 5,37). <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"comp-ker5gnwl\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 comp-ker5gnwl wixui-rich-text\" data-testid=\"richTextElement\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Veinte a\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde, Juan el Bautista lanz\u00f3 un movimiento de avivamiento que llamaba a los israelitas a la conversi\u00f3n. M\u00e1s claramente que los Evangelios (Mc 6, 17-18), Flavio Josefo recoge la virulenta pol\u00e9mica de Juan contra el tetrarca Herodes Antipas, en nombre de la moral y el respeto a la ley (Antiquit\u00e9s juives, XVIII, 118). La denuncia de Juan contra la corte herodiana, contaminada por las costumbres helen\u00edsticas, y su condena del matrimonio del rey con su cu\u00f1ada Herod\u00edas, obtuvieron la aprobaci\u00f3n popular. La ejecuci\u00f3n del profeta por Herodes Antipas pretend\u00eda acallar la protesta popular (Mc 6,21-28). <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-14 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-13\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Tambi\u00e9n es posible que tras el ba\u00f1o de sangre provocado por las tropas de Poncio Pilato se escondiera una represi\u00f3n id\u00e9ntica de los alborotadores galileos:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">\u00abAl mismo tiempo, vinieron unas personas y le contaron [a Jes\u00fas] lo que les hab\u00eda sucedido a los galileos, cuya sangre Pilato hab\u00eda mezclado con la de sus v\u00edctimas\u00bb (Lc 13,1).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">La represi\u00f3n era particularmente odiosa a los ojos de los creyentes, ya que, al masacrar a los peregrinos galileos que sub\u00edan al Templo con los animales ofrecidos en sacrificio, Pilato los condenaba a morir en estado de impureza. La ferocidad de Pilato hacia toda agitaci\u00f3n religiosa popular qued\u00f3 confirmada por la matanza que provoc\u00f3 en el monte Gerizim, pocos a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s de la muerte de Jes\u00fas; una multitud samaritana hab\u00eda sido atra\u00edda all\u00ed por la promesa de un profeta que promet\u00eda mostrarles la vajilla sagrada que Mois\u00e9s hab\u00eda enterrado all\u00ed. La represi\u00f3n ordenada por el prefecto Pilato fue tan cruel que una embajada jud\u00eda en Roma pidi\u00f3, y obtuvo, su destituci\u00f3n. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-15 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-8\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-text-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--body_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--body_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--body_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--body_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--body_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-8 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" title=\"Mount Gerizim summit from south, adr0807128951\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mount-Gerizim-summit-from-south-adr0807128951-9708011-1024x681.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-14797\" srcset=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mount-Gerizim-summit-from-south-adr0807128951-9708011-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mount-Gerizim-summit-from-south-adr0807128951-9708011-400x266.jpg 400w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mount-Gerizim-summit-from-south-adr0807128951-9708011-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mount-Gerizim-summit-from-south-adr0807128951-9708011-800x532.jpg 800w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mount-Gerizim-summit-from-south-adr0807128951-9708011-1200x798.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">Monte Garizim<\/div><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Foto: BiblePlaces<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-16 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.76%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-17 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-14\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><div id=\"comp-ker5jgml\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 comp-ker5jgml wixui-rich-text\" data-testid=\"richTextElement\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">En el a\u00f1o 44, cuando Galilea volvi\u00f3 a la administraci\u00f3n romana directa, dos hijos de Judas el Galileo, Jacobo y Sim\u00f3n, fueron crucificados por el procurador Tiberio Alejandro por agitaci\u00f3n mesi\u00e1nica (Flavio Josefo, Antig\u00fcedades jud\u00edas, XX,102). Al mismo tiempo, otros profetas conduc\u00edan a sus seguidores al desierto para experimentar un nuevo \u00c9xodo: <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">\u00abHace alg\u00fan tiempo, Teudas, que se hac\u00eda llamar alguien, se sublev\u00f3 y reuni\u00f3 a unos cuatrocientos hombres. Lo mataron, y todos los que le hab\u00edan seguido se dispersaron y no qued\u00f3 nada de ellos\u00bb. (Hechos 5:36)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">\u00ab\u00bfNo eres, pues, el egipcio que hace poco agit\u00f3 a cuatro mil bandidos cero y los arrastr\u00f3 al desierto? (Hechos 21, 38)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Lo que estos movimientos de protesta ten\u00edan en com\u00fan era su intento de acelerar el retorno de Dios a un pa\u00eds manchado por la presencia de ej\u00e9rcitos imp\u00edos y la depravaci\u00f3n moral de sus \u00e9lites. Por tanto, la presencia y la influencia cultural de la potencia ocupante alimentaron en gran medida los movimientos apocal\u00edpticos populares. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-6 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Una reputaci\u00f3n sulfurosa para Galileo<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-15\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><div id=\"comp-ker5mrxi\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 comp-ker5mrxi wixui-rich-text\" data-testid=\"richTextElement\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">La reputaci\u00f3n de los galileos entre los jud\u00edos es mala: <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">\u00abDe Galilea no sale ning\u00fan profeta\u00bb (Jn 7,52). El gran rabino Yohanan ben Zakkai (hacia el a\u00f1o 70) grit\u00f3: \u00ab\u00a1Galilea, Galilea, odias la Tor\u00e1!\u00bb. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Esta reputaci\u00f3n desastrosa proviene de la \u00e9poca en que la poblaci\u00f3n galilea era predominantemente no jud\u00eda. Isa\u00edas ya se refer\u00eda a esta tierra de paganos como \u00abGalilea de los gentiles*\u00bb (Is 9,1, citado en Mt 4,15). Pero tras la colonizaci\u00f3n llevada a cabo bajo el reinado de Arist\u00f3bulo I (105-104 a.C.), la judaizaci\u00f3n de la regi\u00f3n hab\u00eda sido efectiva. En el siglo I, la mayor\u00eda de los galileos pertenec\u00edan al juda\u00edsmo y hablaban arameo. Su apego al Templo de Jerusal\u00e9n quedaba demostrado por el pago del impuesto del Templo y la participaci\u00f3n en peregrinaciones. Tambi\u00e9n es cierto que en Galilea hab\u00eda rastros de una pr\u00e1ctica m\u00e1s liberal de la ley que en Judea. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-18 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-color:#ffffff;--awb-caption-text-color:#ffffff;--awb-max-width:220px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--body_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--body_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--body_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:20px;--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--body_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--body_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-9 awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-dario\" style=\"border:3px solid var(--awb-color3);border-radius:20px;\"><a class=\"fusion-no-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/es\/le-temple-de-jerusalem-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"IMG_2591\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" alt=\"temple\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2591-8630644-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-14781\" srcset=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2591-8630644-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2591-8630644-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2591-8630644-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2591-8630644-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_2591-8630644-1200x900.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">El templo<\/div><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">de Salom\u00f3n a Herodes<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-19 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-16\"><p style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">A pesar de la colonizaci\u00f3n jud\u00eda de la regi\u00f3n, Galilea sigui\u00f3 teniendo fama de impiedad. Fue fomentada en el siglo I por los rabinos, que resent\u00edan la resistencia de los galileos a su hegemon\u00eda religiosa.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-7 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">El cisma samaritano<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-20 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-17\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><div id=\"comp-ker5pkvs\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 comp-ker5pkvs wixui-rich-text\" data-testid=\"richTextElement\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">La oposici\u00f3n fundamental que separa a los jud\u00edos de los samaritanos* es conocida por el Nuevo Testamento:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">\u00ab51 Y aconteci\u00f3 que, como se cumpl\u00eda el tiempo en que hab\u00eda de ser llevado, se puso en camino hacia Jerusal\u00e9n 52 y envi\u00f3 mensajeros delante de s\u00ed. Cuando se hubieron puesto en camino, entraron en una aldea samaritana para prepararle todo. 53 Pero no le recibieron, porque iba camino de Jerusal\u00e9n. 54 Al ver esto, los disc\u00edpulos Santiago y Juan dijeron: \u00abSe\u00f1or, \u00bfquieres que mandemos bajar fuego del cielo y los consuma?\u00bb 55 Pero \u00e9l se volvi\u00f3 y les reprendi\u00f3\u00bb (Lc 9,51-55; 10,29-37).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">\u00abLa samaritana le dijo: \u00ab\u00bfC\u00f3mo puedes t\u00fa, jud\u00edo, pedirme de beber a m\u00ed, samaritana? Porque los jud\u00edos no tienen trato con los samaritanos\u00bb. (Jn 4, 9) <\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-18\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p class=\"font_7 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"color_43 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Es un error pensar que la fe samaritana era simplemente una variante del juda\u00edsmo del Segundo Templo. Estas dos formas de monote\u00edsmo, el juda\u00edsmo y el samaritanismo, en el siglo I, eran ambas herederas de la fe yahvista original; el propio samaritanismo estaba formado por varias ramas, que compart\u00edan muchos puntos en com\u00fan con el partido saduceo. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">En la Biblia, el origen de los samaritanos se relata en el texto clave de 2 Reyes 17:24-41. En \u00e9l se cuenta c\u00f3mo, tras la toma de Samaria en el a\u00f1o 722 a.C., los asirios asentaron colonos extranjeros en Samaria para sustituir a los israelitas del reino del norte que hab\u00edan partido al exilio. A partir de entonces, los samaritanos fueron considerados descendientes de estos colonos, que ignoraban al Dios de Israel. Se dice que la erecci\u00f3n del Templo de Gerizim en tiempos de Alejandro Magno (322 a.C.) sell\u00f3 el cisma con el juda\u00edsmo, que permaneci\u00f3 fiel a Jerusal\u00e9n. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Los datos hist\u00f3ricos ponen en duda esta versi\u00f3n. El exilio impuesto por Asiria s\u00f3lo afect\u00f3 a una peque\u00f1a \u00e9lite del pa\u00eds. En cuanto a la ruptura con el juda\u00edsmo, parece datar m\u00e1s bien del reinado de Juan Hircano (134-104 a.C.), quien, durante su reconquista de Samaria, arruin\u00f3 Siquem y destruy\u00f3 el santuario de Gerizim. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Al igual que los saduceos, los samaritanos reconoc\u00edan \u00fanicamente el Pentateuco como Escritura fundacional. Mediante esta fe tradicionalista, trataban de preservar la religi\u00f3n de sus or\u00edgenes permaneciendo fieles a la Ley de Mois\u00e9s, practicando la circuncisi\u00f3n al octavo d\u00eda y observando rigurosamente el Sabbat. Su santuario se estableci\u00f3 en el monte Gerizim, donde converg\u00edan los creyentes durante las peregrinaciones y donde se sacrificaba el cordero pascual. Los samaritanos rechazaban la fe en la resurrecci\u00f3n de los muertos, que no aceptaron hasta el siglo IV. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixGuard wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">El t\u00e9rmino \u00absamaritano\u00bb puede referirse tanto a los habitantes de la ciudad o regi\u00f3n de Samaria, como a los adscritos al culto de Garizim. En este \u00faltimo sentido, con sus connotaciones \u00e9tnicas y religiosas, \u00absamaritano\u00bb es sin\u00f3nimo de hereje a los ojos del juda\u00edsmo. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-21 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-10\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:30px;--awb-caption-text-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--body_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--body_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--body_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--body_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--body_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-10 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" alt=\"ctodd-bolen-bibleplaces-com-7\" title=\"(c)Todd Bolen\/BiblePlaces.com\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Eastern-Samaria-mountains-sloping-to-Jordan-Rift-tb031405459-6211752-1024x681.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-14799\" srcset=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Eastern-Samaria-mountains-sloping-to-Jordan-Rift-tb031405459-6211752-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Eastern-Samaria-mountains-sloping-to-Jordan-Rift-tb031405459-6211752-400x266.jpg 400w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Eastern-Samaria-mountains-sloping-to-Jordan-Rift-tb031405459-6211752-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Eastern-Samaria-mountains-sloping-to-Jordan-Rift-tb031405459-6211752-800x532.jpg 800w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Eastern-Samaria-mountains-sloping-to-Jordan-Rift-tb031405459-6211752-1200x798.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">Samaria<\/div><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">(c)Todd Bolen\/BiblePlaces.com<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-22 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.76%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-23 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:-50px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-8 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Resistencia a la ocupaci\u00f3n romana<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-19\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Las palabras \u00abzelotes\u00bb y \u00absicares\u00bb, ambas utilizadas por el historiador jud\u00edo Flavio Josefo, se refieren a grupos de jud\u00edos palestinos que luchaban contra la ocupaci\u00f3n romana en el siglo I.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">El t\u00e9rmino \u00absicaire\u00bb procede del lat\u00edn sica, una peque\u00f1a daga que los sicaires llevaban en los pliegues de la ropa para golpear en lugares p\u00fablicos a los colaboradores romanos o jud\u00edos. Fueron ellos quienes organizaron la resistencia en Masada bajo su l\u00edder, Eleazar ben Yair. La fortaleza cay\u00f3 tras un largo asedio en el a\u00f1o 73 d.C. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-24 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-color:#ffffff;--awb-caption-text-color:#ffffff;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--body_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--body_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--body_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:20px;--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--body_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--body_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-11 awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-dario\" style=\"border:3px solid var(--awb-color3);border-radius:20px;\"><a class=\"fusion-no-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/es\/la-fortaleza-herodiana-de-masada\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"16f9a8_32fe0cf058ea4393bea46911602f5294~mv2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"232\" height=\"215\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/16f9a8_32fe0cf058ea4393bea46911602f5294mv2-3577783.webp\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-6772\" srcset=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/16f9a8_32fe0cf058ea4393bea46911602f5294mv2-3577783-200x185.webp 200w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/16f9a8_32fe0cf058ea4393bea46911602f5294mv2-3577783.webp 232w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 232px\" \/><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">Fortaleza de Masada<\/div><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Mar Muerto<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-25 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-20\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><div id=\"comp-ker5y4ng\" class=\"HcOXKn SxM0TO QxJLC3 comp-ker5y4ng wixui-rich-text\" data-testid=\"richTextElement\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"color_43 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">La palabra \u00abzelote\u00bb est\u00e1 relacionada con la ra\u00edz griega de \u00abcelo\u00bb. Un disc\u00edpulo de Jes\u00fas llamado Sim\u00f3n es calificado de \u00abzelote\u00bb por Lucas (Lc 6,15; Hch 1,13), pero simplemente de \u00abceloso\u00bb por Marcos (3,18). A los compa\u00f1eros de Judas el Galileo y otros agitadores del siglo I se les denomina a veces zelotes, pero los historiadores no est\u00e1n seguros de cu\u00e1ndo se utiliz\u00f3 realmente el t\u00e9rmino. Para estar seguros, es mejor reservarlo para los rebeldes que fueron directamente responsables de la Guerra Jud\u00eda, tambi\u00e9n conocida como la \u00abprimera revuelta jud\u00eda\u00bb, de 66-70. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"comp-ker5zg15\" class=\"HcOXKn SxM0TO QxJLC3 comp-ker5zg15 wixui-rich-text\" data-testid=\"richTextElement\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"color_43 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4); font-size: 14px;\" data-fusion-font=\"true\">El texto anterior est\u00e1 tomado de : Daniel Marguerat, \u00abLa situation politique\u00bb, en M. Quesnel y P. Gruson (eds.), La Bible et sa culture, Descl\u00e9e de Brouwer, 2000.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-9 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">La primera revuelta jud\u00eda<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-21\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><div id=\"comp-ker6cgcb\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 comp-ker6cgcb wixui-rich-text\" data-testid=\"richTextElement\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Mientras Agripa II intentaba calmar los \u00e1nimos, los zelotes azuzaban a la poblaci\u00f3n contra los ocupantes romanos y todos los extranjeros que viv\u00edan en Judea. A medida que se extend\u00eda el desorden, bajo la influencia de las bandas de bandidos que infestaban ciertas regiones, grupos de jud\u00edos resistentes -unos llamados \u00abzelotes\u00bb (celosos servidores de la Ley jud\u00eda y de Dios) y otros llamados \u00absicarii\u00bb (sicarios)- hicieron suya la causa, otros \u00abSicaires\u00bb (apu\u00f1aladores) -que aterrorizaban a sus correligionarios sospechosos de tibieza hacia la causa de la independencia nacional, o supuestos mes\u00edas cuyas vaticinios enardec\u00edan a las multitudes-, el pa\u00eds se hundi\u00f3 poco a poco en una temible anarqu\u00eda. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"comp-ker6k30s\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 comp-ker6k30s wixui-rich-text\" data-testid=\"richTextElement\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><span style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Bajo el gobierno de Gestio Floro (64-66), \u00faltimo procurador de esta provincia, la emoci\u00f3n suscitada por los violentos enfrentamientos de <\/span><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\" href=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/es\/israel-costa-maritima\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\" data-anchor=\"dataItem-k9cmjjxx\">Cesarea<\/a><span style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Luego, en el 66, se dedujo del tesoro del Templo una suma correspondiente al importe de los impuestos que los jud\u00edos se hab\u00edan retrasado en pagar, lo que provoc\u00f3 un mot\u00edn en Jerusal\u00e9n. La revuelta se extendi\u00f3 por todo el pa\u00eds y comenz\u00f3 la llamada \u00abPrimera Revuelta Jud\u00eda\u00bb (66-70). <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Durante el primer a\u00f1o de la revuelta (66-67 d.C.), los jud\u00edos acu\u00f1aron s\u00f3lo monedas de plata, utilizando la reserva de plata del Templo de Jerusal\u00e9n. Las monedas emitidas por el gobierno de Judea durante la Revuelta utilizaban escritura hebrea arcaica y s\u00edmbolos jud\u00edos, como botones de granada, lulavs, etrogs. frases como \u00abSiclo de Israel\u00bb y \u00abLibertad de Si\u00f3n\u00bb (\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05df Herut Zion,) como declaraciones pol\u00edticas destinadas a recabar apoyo para la independencia. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Herut (\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5), palabra hebrea que significa \u00ablibertad\u00bb, apareci\u00f3 por primera vez en estas monedas de la guerra jud\u00eda (66-71), y luego con m\u00e1s frecuencia en las monedas de la \u00absegunda revuelta\u00bb jud\u00eda, la dirigida por Bar Kochba (132-135).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-26 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-3 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-12\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-text-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--body_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--body_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--body_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--body_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--body_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-12 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"242\" title=\"JUDAEA_Half_Sheke\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/JUDAEA_Half_Sheke-3951156.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-14801\" srcset=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/JUDAEA_Half_Sheke-3951156-200x97.jpg 200w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/JUDAEA_Half_Sheke-3951156-400x194.jpg 400w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/JUDAEA_Half_Sheke-3951156.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">Medio shekel emitido por los rebeldes jud\u00edos en 68-69 d.C., anotado en alfabeto paleohebreo.<\/div><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Grupo Numism\u00e1tico Cl\u00e1sico, Inc. http:\/\/www.cngcoins.com, CC BY-SA 3.0 &lt;http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/&gt;, v\u00eda Wikimedia Commons <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-4 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-22\"><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>ADELANTE<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Inscripci\u00f3n en hebreo:<\/strong> A\u00f1o 4, SHEKEL DE ISRAEL<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Descripci\u00f3n: <\/strong>Un c\u00e1liz coronado por la fecha<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-5 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-23\"><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>INVERSO<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Inscripci\u00f3n en hebreo:<\/strong> JERUSAL\u00c9N LA SANTA<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Descripci\u00f3n:<\/strong> Tres granadas en una barra<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-27 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-6 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-13\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-text-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--body_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--body_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--body_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--body_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--body_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-13 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"504\" height=\"250\" title=\"Masada_coin\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Masada_coin-6943038.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-14803\" srcset=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Masada_coin-6943038-200x99.jpg 200w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Masada_coin-6943038-400x198.jpg 400w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Masada_coin-6943038.jpg 504w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 504px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\"> M\u00e1s detalles Prutah de bronce, octavo de siclo del a\u00f1o 4 (69-70) emitido durante la primera revuelta jud\u00eda.<\/div><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Jack1956 en Wikipedia en ingl\u00e9s, CC BY 3.0 &lt;https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0&gt;, v\u00eda Wikimedia Commons<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-28 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-24\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">El intento de mediaci\u00f3n de Agripa II, apoyado por los notables, sacerdotes y fariseos, fracas\u00f3. Los sacrificios para el emperador fueron abolidos, el sumo sacerdote fue asesinado por los sublevados, las guarniciones romanas de Masada y Jerusal\u00e9n fueron masacradas, y los insurgentes proclamaron la independencia del estado jud\u00edo; la peque\u00f1a comunidad cristiana de Jerusal\u00e9n abandon\u00f3 entonces la ciudad para refugiarse en Pella, en Transjordania. En el 67, el emperador Ner\u00f3n encarg\u00f3 a Vespasiano que aplastara la revuelta; tras apoderarse de Galilea y hacer prisionero a su gobernador \u00abrevolucionario\u00bb Flavio Josefo, se dispon\u00eda a marchar sobre Judea cuando se enter\u00f3 de la muerte de Ner\u00f3n en el 68. En 68-69, mientras los rivales se disputaban el Imperio, las operaciones militares en Judea estaban paralizadas; en Jerusal\u00e9n, los jud\u00edos de las facciones rivales tuvieron tiempo de sobra para masacrarse unos a otros. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-29 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-25\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p><span style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Proclamado emperador en 69, Vespasiano confi\u00f3 a su hijo Tito la misi\u00f3n de llevar a buen t\u00e9rmino las operaciones en Judea: tras varios meses de asedio, en 70, Jerusal\u00e9n fue tomada y su Templo incendiado; los jud\u00edos fueron vendidos en masa como esclavos; una fortaleza tras otra cayeron, la \u00faltima, Masada, en 73. El pa\u00eds se convirti\u00f3 en una provincia, independiente de Siria, gobernada por un legado; se estacion\u00f3 una legi\u00f3n en las ruinas de Jerusal\u00e9n; Cesarea, residencia del gobernador, fue elevada al rango de colonia; en el 72, cerca de Siquem, se fund\u00f3 la ciudad de Flavia Neapolis (la actual Naplusa). <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-30 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-7 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-14\" style=\"--awb-caption-text-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--body_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--body_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--body_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--body_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--body_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-14 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" title=\"Arch of Titus, tb0514179196\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Arch-of-Titus-tb0514179196-7762273-1024x682.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-14001\" srcset=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Arch-of-Titus-tb0514179196-7762273-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Arch-of-Titus-tb0514179196-7762273-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Arch-of-Titus-tb0514179196-7762273-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Arch-of-Titus-tb0514179196-7762273-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Arch-of-Titus-tb0514179196-7762273-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">Arch of Titus, tb0514179196<\/div><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Photo: BiblePlaces<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-31 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-26\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><div id=\"comp-ker6pj62\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 comp-ker6pj62 wixui-rich-text\" data-testid=\"richTextElement\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Con el Templo -el construido por Herodes el Grande- destruido y el cargo de sumo sacerdote y el Sanedr\u00edn abolidos, los jud\u00edos supervivientes se reunieron gradualmente en torno a los doctores fariseos de la Ley. Jamnia, donde Vespasiano hab\u00eda asentado a algunos desertores de Jerusal\u00e9n antes del asedio de la ciudad, se convirti\u00f3 en el centro del juda\u00edsmo intelectual y doctrinal a partir del a\u00f1o 70: un disc\u00edpulo de Hillel, Johanan ben-Zakka\u00ef, fund\u00f3 all\u00ed una escuela de rabinos y organiz\u00f3 un gran concilio (Beth-d\u00een) que tom\u00f3 el relevo del Sanedr\u00edn. Sin embargo, a diferencia del Sanedr\u00edn, este concilio estaba formado en su totalidad por rabinos fariseos, que en adelante ser\u00edan los \u00fanicos dirigentes del juda\u00edsmo. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">En Jamnia se llev\u00f3 a cabo una gran labor: Fue all\u00ed, hacia finales del siglo I d.C., donde se fij\u00f3 el canon jud\u00edo de la Biblia (es decir, la lista de los Escritos que, seg\u00fan los jud\u00edos, la componen); fue all\u00ed tambi\u00e9n donde se estableci\u00f3 definitivamente el texto conson\u00e1ntico de estos Escritos; fue all\u00ed tambi\u00e9n donde se tom\u00f3 la decisi\u00f3n de realizar, para los jud\u00edos de la di\u00e1spora, una traducci\u00f3n de la Biblia al griego basada en el canon y en el texto hebreo que acababan de adoptarse all\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-10 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">La segunda revuelta jud\u00eda<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-32 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-27\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color4);\"><p>El emperador Adriano, que lleg\u00f3 a Jerusal\u00e9n en 130, decidi\u00f3 reconstruir la ciudad con el nombre de Aelia Capitolina, y construir un nuevo templo en el lugar del Templo quemado, que estar\u00eda dedicado a J\u00fapiter Capitolino. El inicio de las obras y, sin duda, la prohibici\u00f3n de la circuncisi\u00f3n, as\u00ed como la castraci\u00f3n, provocaron un nuevo levantamiento conocido como la \u00abSegunda Revuelta Jud\u00eda\u00bb (132-135). Estaba dirigida por Sim\u00f3n Bar-Kojeba, que se hac\u00eda llamar \u00abPr\u00edncipe de Israel\u00bb; el rabino Aqiba, que le cre\u00eda el Mes\u00edas, le apoyaba; Bar-Kojeba contaba tambi\u00e9n con el apoyo del sacerdote Eleazar, que tal vez fuera su t\u00edo, y cuyo nombre aparecer\u00eda junto al suyo en las monedas acu\u00f1adas tras la liberaci\u00f3n de Jerusal\u00e9n.<\/p>\n<p>Los romanos, a la espera de refuerzos, hab\u00edan reagrupado sus fuerzas en las fronteras del pa\u00eds, y gran parte de \u00e9ste qued\u00f3 bajo el control de los insurgentes. Jerusal\u00e9n parece haber estado en manos de los insurgentes durante unos dos a\u00f1os; es probable que se restaurara el culto en las ruinas del Templo. Poco a poco, sin embargo, los romanos hicieron retroceder a sus adversarios hacia las regiones escarpadas de Judea: el Herodium pudo servir de cuartel general de Bar-Kokheba en esta \u00e9poca, si no antes; las ruinas de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.via-egeria.com\/qumran\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Qumr\u00e1n<\/a> fueron reutilizadas. Jerusal\u00e9n cay\u00f3 en 134. Finalmente, Bittir (a unos diez kil\u00f3metros al suroeste de la capital), donde se dice que Bar-Kocheba y el sacerdote Eleazar se retiraron y perecieron, fue tomada en 135, y los \u00faltimos combatientes se refugiaron en las cuevas casi inaccesibles de las orillas de los uadis del desierto de Judea, donde los romanos acud\u00edan a veces para asediarlas; recientemente, algunas de estas cuevas han proporcionado parte de los archivos de aquellos, resistentes o refugiados, que se hab\u00edan refugiado all\u00ed en aquella \u00e9poca.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-33 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-8 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-15\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-aspect-ratio: 100 \/ 105;--awb-margin-bottom:40px;--awb-caption-text-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--body_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--body_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--body_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--body_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--body_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-15 hover-type-none has-aspect-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" title=\"o8fsasm9jzaz7371.webp.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/o8fsasm9jzaz7371.webp.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1870 img-with-aspect-ratio\" data-parent-fit=\"cover\" data-parent-container=\".fusion-image-element\" alt \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">o8fsasm9jzaz7371.webp.jpg<\/div><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Emperador Adriano (117-138 d.C.) Museo de la Torre de David, Jerusal\u00e9n Foto: E. Pastore<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-9 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-16\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-aspect-ratio: 100 \/ 102;--awb-margin-bottom:40px;--awb-caption-text-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--body_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--body_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--body_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--body_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--body_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-16 hover-type-none has-aspect-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" title=\"di38tprsloxi9dsi.webp.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/di38tprsloxi9dsi.webp.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1871 img-with-aspect-ratio\" data-parent-fit=\"cover\" data-parent-container=\".fusion-image-element\" alt \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">di38tprsloxi9dsi.webp.jpg<\/div><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Museo de la Torre de David, Jerusal\u00e9n Foto: E. Pastore<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-34 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-28\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Monedas romanas que conmemoran la victoria de Roma sobre Judea. Las inscripciones rezan: \u00abIudaea\u00bb o \u00abIudaea capta\u00bb, que significa \u00abJudea cautiva\u00bb. Judea aparece representada como una mujer en el suelo, con las manos atadas a la espalda, s\u00edmbolo de la sumisi\u00f3n de la provincia. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-35 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-10 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.76%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:right;--awb-aspect-ratio: 100 \/ 112;--awb-caption-text-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--body_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--body_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--body_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--body_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--body_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-17 hover-type-none has-aspect-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" title=\"lrk98fsuaxwt79bu.webp.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/lrk98fsuaxwt79bu.webp.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1872 img-with-aspect-ratio\" data-parent-fit=\"cover\" data-parent-container=\".fusion-image-element\" alt \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-11 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.76%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-aspect-ratio: 100 \/ 112;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-18 hover-type-none has-aspect-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" title=\"ndkfx469ibenbvdm.webp.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/ndkfx469ibenbvdm.webp.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1873 img-with-aspect-ratio\" data-parent-fit=\"cover\" data-parent-container=\".fusion-image-element\" alt \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-12 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.76%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:left;--awb-aspect-ratio: 100 \/ 112;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-19 hover-type-none has-aspect-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" title=\"x8139wgvmr15kstm.webp.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/x8139wgvmr15kstm.webp.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1874 img-with-aspect-ratio\" data-parent-fit=\"cover\" data-parent-container=\".fusion-image-element\" alt \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-36 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-29\" style=\"--awb-font-size:12px;\"><div id=\"comp-kex6vck8\" class=\"HcOXKn SxM0TO QxJLC3 comp-kex6vck8 wixui-rich-text\" data-testid=\"richTextElement\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Museo de la Torre de David, Jerusal\u00e9n <\/span><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Fotos: E. Pastore<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-30\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">La represi\u00f3n fue a\u00fan peor que en el 70: a las masacres se a\u00f1adieron nuevas deportaciones de jud\u00edos, reducidos a la esclavitud; se dice que el propio rabino Aqiba fue martirizado. Tras la Primera Revuelta, Jerusal\u00e9n no s\u00f3lo sigui\u00f3 siendo un lugar de peregrinaci\u00f3n, sino que tambi\u00e9n contaba entre sus habitantes con jud\u00edos que se hab\u00edan quedado all\u00ed o hab\u00edan regresado para vivir all\u00ed, as\u00ed como con judeocristianos (jud\u00edos seguidores del cristianismo), Ambas ten\u00edan sinagogas o iglesias (una peque\u00f1a iglesia en el lugar del Cen\u00e1culo -el lugar donde se celebr\u00f3 la \u00daltima Cena, es decir, la \u00faltima comida que se dice que Jes\u00fas tuvo con sus disc\u00edpulos- habr\u00eda servido de punto de encuentro para los judeocristianos que hab\u00edan regresado a Jerusal\u00e9n desde Pella); Esta vez, Adriano prohibi\u00f3 a todos los cristianos circuncidados la entrada en Jerusal\u00e9n, que se convirti\u00f3 en una colonia romana, la Colonia Aelia Capitolina; ahora se completar\u00eda la reconstrucci\u00f3n de la ciudad seg\u00fan su nuevo plan, detenido por la revuelta. El nombre de \u00abJudea\u00bb fue sustituido por el de \u00abPalestina\u00bb. Este territorio pas\u00f3 a formar parte de la nueva \u00abprovincia de Siria-Palestina\u00bb. Judea perdi\u00f3 su nombre y se vio obligada a utilizar los nombres de sus antiguos enemigos: los sirios y los filisteos. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-37 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-20\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-aspect-ratio: 100 \/ 100;--awb-caption-text-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--body_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--body_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--body_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:12px;--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--body_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--body_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-20 hover-type-none has-aspect-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" title=\"twcrdvdf868kfl3l.webp.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/via-egeria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/twcrdvdf868kfl3l.webp.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1875 img-with-aspect-ratio\" data-parent-fit=\"cover\" data-parent-container=\".fusion-image-element\" alt \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">twcrdvdf868kfl3l.webp.jpg<\/div><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">\nMus\u00e9e Tower of David, J\u00e9rusalem\n\nPhotos : E. Pastore<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-youtube\" style=\"--awb-max-width:600px;--awb-max-height:360px;--awb-align-self:center;--awb-width:100%;--awb-margin-top:20px;\"><div class=\"video-shortcode\"><div class=\"fluid-width-video-wrapper\" style=\"padding-top:60%;\" ><iframe title=\"YouTube video player 1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UF_yHrFP1Ls?wmode=transparent&autoplay=0\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture;\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-38 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-31\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"color_43 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Bibliograf\u00eda<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">\n<li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Daniel Marguerat, \u00abLa situation politique\u00bb, en M. Quesnel y P. Gruson (eds.), La Bible et sa culture, Descl\u00e9e de Brouwer, 2000.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"color_43 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"color: var(--awb-color4);\">Ernest-Marie LAPERROUSAZ, Robert MANTRAN, \u00abPALESTINA\u00bb, Encyclop\u00e6dia Universalis [en l\u00ednea], consultado el 6 de septiembre de 2020. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><div style=\"text-align:center;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/DanielRopsPalestineTempsJesus\/mode\/2up?view=theater\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">La vida cotidiana en Palestina en tiempos de Jes\u00fas, por Daniel Rops<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1849,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sin-categorizar"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - 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